Cost-minimization Analysis of Liraglutide and Insulin Glargine in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of liraglutide and insulin glargine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and conduct pharmacoeconomic analysis, and to provide economical and reasonable T2DM treatment plan. METHODS:80 T2DM patients were randomized into liraglutide group and insulin glargine group,with 40 cases in each group. Both groups were given Metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablet orally 0.5-2.0 g/d,and diabetes mellitus diet and sport training guide after oral antidiabetic drug withdrawal of previous treatment plan. Liraglutide group was given Liraglutide injection hypodermically,0.6-1.2 mg,qd;insulin glargine group was given insulin glargine hypodermically at 22 o’clock,initial dose of 0.2 IU/(kg·d),adjusted according to the levels of PG,FBG,nocturnal blood glucose level till FBG≤7 mmo1/L and 2 h PG ≤10 mmol/L in both group. Treatment course of 2 groups lasted for 12 weeks. The changes of FBG,2 h PG,HbA1c and BMI were ob-served in 2 groups before and after treatment. 2 therapy plans were evaluated and compared by cost-minimization analysis. RE-SULTS:After treatment,the levels of FBG,2 h PG and HbA1c decreased significantly in 2 groups,compared to before treatment, with statistical significance (P0.05). After treat-ment,BMI of liraglutide group decreased significantly compared with before treatment and insulin glargine group,with statistical significance (P0.05). Cost-minimization analysis showed that the cost of insulin glargine group in reducing FBG,2 h PG and HbA1c were less than liraglutide group,but were more than liraglutide group in reducing BMI. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the stability and reliability of cost-minimization analysis. CONCLUSIONS:Lira-glutide and insulin glargine have the same clinical efficacy,but insulin glargine need lower cost in blood glucose control,and liraglutide is better therapy plan for body weight control.

The cytotoxity of paclitaxel-nanoparticles with dual ligands combined with ultrasound irradiation on drug-resistant breast cancer cells / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To screening optimized ultrasound (US)condition for MCF-7 cells and MCF-7/Tax cells,and to investigate the effect of dual-ligands nanoparticles (NPs ) combined with US on overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR).Methods To obtain optimized US condition,cell viability and cellular uptake of NPs treated with MCF-7 cells and MCF-7/Tax cells were detected under different ultrasonic parameters including ultrasound intensity,exposure duration and microbubble concentration. MTT assay was performed to observe the effect of NPs combined with US on cells.Results The optimal US conditions for MCF-7 cells was irradiation intensity 0.6 W/cm2 ,irradiation time 80 s,and the MBs concentration with volume ratio of microbubbles to medium was 1∶1 0;and for MCF-7/Tax cells,irradiation intensity 0.6 W/cm2 ,irradiation time 80 s,and the MBs concentration with volume ratio of microbubbles to medium was 1∶20.Compared with individual NPs,NPs assisted by US exhibited greater killing ability for MCF-7 (IC50 1 .43 ng/ml)and MCF-7/Tax cells (IC50<800 ng/ml).Conclusions US effect could enhance drug sensitivity of the dual-functionized NPs for MCF-7/Tax cells,indicating that US irradiation had potential assisted modality to reverse tumor MDR.

Analysis of 410 Cases of Clinical Pharmacist Consultations and Discussion of Working Mode / 中国药师

Objective:To understand the mode and effect of the consultations involved clinical pharmacists, and discuss the work-ing process and mode of the consultations. Methods:Based on the practical work and team discussion, the flow chart and consultation registration form for the clinical pharmacist consultations were established and applied. Totally 410 cases of clinica1 pharmacist consul-tations were retrospectively investigated from March 2009 to December 2012. Results:The consultation flow chart was strictly followed by the clinical pharmacists in our hospital, and the obvious effect was shown. The number of consultation was increased from 59 cases in 2009 to 122 cases in 2013. In all the consultation cases, 21 departments were involved, including the medical departments and the surgery departments. Among the cases,the adjustment in antibacterial drug treatment was the main requirements. Meanwhile, the a-doption rate of the clinical pharmacist suggestions was 95. 12%. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists are playing an important role in clin-ical treatment. The consultation work can be regulated by the consultation flow chart and registration form with the improved adoption rate and consultation quality.

Off-label and off-NCCN guidelines uses of antineoplastic drugs in China

To evaluate off-label and off-NCCN guidelines uses of antineoplastic drugs in a major Chinese hospital. Totally 1122 patients were selected from July to December 2011. Then, the off-label and off-NCCN guidelines uses of antineoplastic drugs were analyzed. In 798 of 1122 patients [71.12%], drugs were used for off-label. In 317 of 1122 patients [28.25%], the drugs were prescribed for off-label and off-NCCN guidelines. 2591 medical orders for 1122 patients, 1051/2591 [40.56%] medical orders were off-label; 445/2591[17.17%] medical orders were off-label and off-NCCN guidelines. In 445 off-label and off-NCCN medical orders, 399 [89.66%] were unapproved indications, 38 [8.54%] were unapproved drug concentration and 12 [2.70%] were unapproved route of administration. Percentage of off-label and off-NCCN guidelines drug uses in male was higher than that in female [21.92% vs. 11.39%, P<0.01]. Compared with other lines of treatment, percentage of off-label and off-NCCN guidelines drug uses in postoperative adjuvant was the smallest [P<0.01] and percentage in three or multi-line treatments was the highest [P<0.01]. The pancreatic cancer possessed the highest percentage [38.74%] of off-label and off-NCCN guidelines drug uses among all types of cancer [P<0.01]. Off-label uses of antineoplastic drugs are generally common in China hospitals based on NCCN guidelines. The fact suggests that anti-tumor treatment was relatively standard in China. Off-label and off-NCCN guidelines drug uses were mainly for individual treatment. Doctors should fully consider the adverse drug reaction, contraindication, cautions and increase the drug security monitoring. Uncorrected drug concentration should be avoided for drug risk

Protective activity of different concentration of tea polyphenols and its major compound EGCG against whole body irradiation-induced injury in mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the different concentrate of tea polyphenols (TP) and its compound for irradiation-protection and investigate its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>To evaluate the radioprotective activity, mice were exposed to whole body gamma irradiation. TP 80 and TP 50 (50, 10 mg x kg(-1)) and its major constituent epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (50, 10 mg x kg(-1)) were administered after irradiation to examine its inhibition against irradiation-induced injury.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>This study indicate that in comparison with non-irradiated controls, irradiation resulted in a significant reduction the spleen index (spleen weight/body weight 100), haematological parameters (RBC, WBC and PLT), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increase of malondialdehde (MDA) level in 28 days. Oral administration of TP (50 mg x kg(-1)) shown the best effect on reducing the irradiation-induced injury on mice studied, and showed a protective effect against irradiation-induced haematological parameters (RBC, WBC and PLT), the spleen index and MDA level significant reduction, and antioxidase activity (SOD) decrease.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggest that TP 50 mg x kg(-1) and EGCG have in vivo antioxidant potential and radioprotective activity against whole body gamma irradiation in mice. It may be concluded that TP (50% EGCG) possess good irradiation-protective and antioxidant effect.</p>

Chemical constituents of stem barks of Mucuna birdwoodiana / 中国中药杂志

Eleven compounds were isolated from the stem bark of Mucuna birdwoodiana. Their structures were elucidated by various spectral analyses and identified as 3'-methoxycoumestrol(1), formononetin(2), genisten(3), 8-0-methylretusin(4), 7, 3'dihydroxy-5'-methoxyisoflavone(5), chrysophanol(6), syringaresinol(7), epifriedelanol(8), lupeol(9), respectively. All compounds except 2,3,8 and 9 were isolated from the genus for the first time.

Effects of cembrane-type diterpenes on proliferation of PC12 cells and their antagonistic effects on neurotoxicity induced by glutamate / 中西医结合学报

To investigate the effects of cembrane-type diterpenes extracted from Sinularia flexibilis on the proliferation of PC12 cells and their protective effects on PC12 cells exposed to glutamate.

Antidepressant-like effects of piperine and its neuroprotective mechanism / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the antidepressant effect of piperine and its neuroprotective mechanism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The behavioral studies were performed in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). To further explore the mechanisms underlying their antidepressant-like activities, CORT-induced neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and isolated and cultured neural progenitor cells. By using MTT assay, the effect of piperine on neural cells proliferation was observed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The research results indicated that after a week of administration, piperine (10, 20 mg x kg(-1)) could significantly reduce the duration of immobility in both FST and TST. Piperine has the protective effect on neuroblastoma cells and increased proliferation of hippocampus neural progenitor cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the present study, we demonstrated that the antidepressant-like effects of piperine and its mechanisms might be involved by up-regulation of the progenitor cell proliferation of hippocampus and cytoprotective activity.</p>

Value of High Frequency Echocardiography to Evaluate Left Ventricular Remodeling in Rat with Acute Myocardial Infarction / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the value of high frequency echocardiography to evaluate cardiac structure and function of rat with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods The rat AMI model was established by ligating the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. The cardiac structure and function of model rats were examined with high frequency echocardiography in the 2nd and 8th week after ligation successfully. Another 20 healthy rat were selected as the sham operative group.Results The survival rat is 82.0% beyond 24 hours. At 2nd week, the model animals had an increased end-diastolic diameter (EDD), end-systolic diameter (ESD), end-diastolic volume (EDV), and further end-systolic volume (ESD), compared with the sham operative group. Ejection fraction (EF) and fraction shortening (FS) of model rats decreased. The ratio of E/A was higher. At 8th week, these parameters deteriorated left atrial diameter (LA) increased ( P<0.05). EF and FS were relevant to dp/dtmax.Conclusion High frequency echocardiography can evaluate left ventricle remodeling of rat dynamically.

Effect of monomers extracted from Spatholobus suberectus Dunn on proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells in marrow-depressed mice / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Hematogenesis of a body mainly depends on the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC). Hematopoietic functional impairment will occur when hematopoietic cells are injured by radioactive ray or chemical drug. The proliferation of HPC is the key link of promoting hematogenesis.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of nine monomers extracted from Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SSD) on proliferation of HPC in marrow-depressed mice. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted in the Department of Clinical Pharmacology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA from November 2002 to February 2003. Totally 348 healthy Kunming mice, weighing 22-25g, clean grade, of irrespective gender, were selected in this study (certification: SCXK-2001-001). The animal experiment was approved by the local ethics committee. SSD was provided by Dispensary of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Chinese PLA; monomers (gallocatechin, formononetin, catechin, pyromucic acid, syringic acid, Demethylvestitol, 1,3,5-benzenetriol, ononin, and epicatechin) were extracted from SSD acetoacetate; TGL-16 centrifuger was made in Shanghai 6th Medical Equipment Factory; CO2 incubator was made in SANYO Company, Japan; MK inverted microscope was provided by OLYMPUS Company, Japan.METHODS: Experimental grouping: Mice were randomly divided into 29 groups, including normal group; control group; gallocatechin high-, medium-, low-dose groups; formononetin high-, medium-, low-dose groups; catechin high-, medium-, low-dose groups; pyromucic acid high-, medium-, low-dose groups; syringic acid high-, medium-, low-dose groups; Demethylvestitol high-, medium-, low-dose groups; 1,3,5-benzenetriol high-, medium-, low-dose groups; ononin high-, medium-, low-dose groups; epicatechin high-, medium-, low-dose groups with 12 mice in each group. Experimental intervention: All the mice except the mice in normal group had been given total body sublethal dose of irradiation by 60Co γ-ray (215.3 rontgen/min, 4 Gy dose rate, irradiation time of 107.5 seconds). Normal saline was injected intraperitoneally into 8 mice in normal group and control group at the third day after inadiation. Stored solution 2,0.4,0.08g/L of each monomer was intraperitoneally injected into the mice in each monomer high-, medium-, low-dose groups, respectively, at the third day after irradiation. Experimental evaluation: Thirty minutes after administration, blood of 8 mice in normal, control group and 12 mice in other groups was collected and normal, control and each dose monomer-containing serums were obtained after centrifugation for 15 minutes, filtering through 0.45μm filter membrane. Then 4 mice in normal and control group were killed to study the effects of nine monomers on proliferation of HPC in marrow-depressed mice by counting erythrocyte colony-forming unit (CFU-E), burst-forming uniterythroid (BFU-E), granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM), and megakaryocyte colony-forming unit (CFU-Meg).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, and CFU-Meg in each group. RESULTS: Totally 348 mice were included in the final analysis. CFU-E: The quantity of CFU-E in high-dose of catechin, gallocatechin, syningic acid, and epicatechin groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05-0.01) while the quantity of CFU-E in medium-and low-dose of catechin and medium-dose of gallocatechin was also significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). CFU-GM: Except pyromucic acid and ononin groups, the amount of CFU-GM in other groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). BFU-E: Compared with control group, the amount of BFU-E remarkably increased under the effect of each dose of catechin, gallocatechin, syringic acid and high-, medium-dose of epicatechin (P<0.05). CFU-Meg: The amount of CFU-Meg in high-, low-dose syringic acid groups, low-dose gallocatechin groups and each dose group of catechin and epicatechin was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Amount of all colonies in the control group was significantly lower than that in the normal group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Nine monomers extracted from SSD can promote the proliferation of HPC in bone marrow depressed mice. In particular, the activity of catechin to stimulate proliferation is the strongest.

Effects of heterogenous suberect spatholobus stem on peripheral blood cell counts of 60Co gamma ray irradiated mice / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of heterogenous suberect spatholobus stem (Spatholobus suberectu, Mucuna birdwoodiana, Millettia oosperma and Millettia dielsiana) on peripheral blood cell counts of mice with bone marrow suppression induced by (60)Co gamma ray irradiation. METHODS: Bone marrow suppression was induced by sublethal dose of (60)Co gamma ray in mice. White blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) counts in peripheral blood of the mice were detected one day, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after intragastric administration of different doses of the four kinds of suberect spatholobus stem, respectively. RESULTS: A slowdown of the decrease of WBC, RBC and PLT counts in peripheral blood of the mice with bone marrow suppression was observed after intragastric administration. The WBC, RBC and PLT counts in the Mucuna birdwoodiana-treated and Spatholobus suberectu-treated groups were significantly higher than those in the untreated group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: All the four kinds of heterogenous suberect spatholobus stem can accelerate the recovery of WBC, RBC and PLT counts in peripheral blood of mice with bone marrow suppression, while the effects of Spatholobus suberectu and Mucuna birdwoodiana are relatively good.

Effect of compounds extracted from spatholobus suberectus dunn on the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cell / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study effects of nine compounds extracted from Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SSD) on proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) in marrow-depressed mice. Methods Serum pharmacology experiment was used to observe the influence of nine compounds on growth of CFU-E、BFU-E、CFU-GM、CFU-Meg in marrow-depressed mice. Results Compared with the control, all compounds except pyromucic acid and ononin could significantly stimulate the growth of CFU-GM (P